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Multi-agent workflow patterns

Coordinate complex workflows across specialized agents with governance and handoffs.

Advanced22 min readOct 1, 2025
AgentsWorkflowsADK
Key takeaways
  • Design multi-step workflows with clear task boundaries.
  • Implement approval gates for sensitive operations.
  • Build proper handoff protocols between agents and humans.

Designing multi-agent workflows

Complex tasks often require multiple specialized capabilities working together. Break down tasks into discrete steps with clear inputs and outputs.

Use the ADK to define workflow schemas that coordinate tool calls, approvals, and handoffs.

  • Define clear boundaries between task steps.
  • Specify which operations require human approval.
  • Plan for error handling at each step.

Approval gates for sensitive operations

For operations with real-world side effects (sending emails, updating CRM records, making purchases), implement approval gates.

Show users a preview of planned actions before execution.

  • Preview: Show what the agent plans to do.
  • Approve: User confirms the action is correct.
  • Execute: Action proceeds with real side effects.

Error handling and recovery

Multi-agent workflows need robust error handling. Each step should have fallback behavior and clear escalation paths.

  • Define retry policies with exponential backoff.
  • Set timeout limits per workflow step.
  • Escalate to human operators when confidence is low.
  • Log all agent decisions for audit and debugging.

Human handoff protocols

Design clear handoff points where agents transfer control to humans. Include full context and recommended actions.

  • Summarize the conversation and agent actions taken.
  • Highlight any blocked or uncertain decisions.
  • Provide recommended next steps for the human operator.